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@@ -2263,48 +2263,42 @@ field, or press @kbd{C-c @}} to toggle the display of a grid.
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Formulas can reference the value of another field in two ways. Like in
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any other spreadsheet, you may reference fields with a letter/number
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combination like @code{B3}, meaning the 2nd field in the 3rd row.
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-
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-@noindent
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@vindex org-table-use-standard-references
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-Org prefers@footnote{Org will understand references typed by the user as
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-@samp{B4}, but it will not use this syntax when offering a formula for
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-editing. You can customize this behavior using the variable
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+However, Org prefers@footnote{Org will understand references typed by the
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+user as @samp{B4}, but it will not use this syntax when offering a formula
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+for editing. You can customize this behavior using the variable
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@code{org-table-use-standard-references}.} to use another, more general
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-operator that looks like this:
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+representation that looks like this:
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@example
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@@@var{row}$@var{column}
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@end example
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-@noindent
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-and allows relative references, i.e. references relative to the
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-row/column of the field whose value is being computed. These relative
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-references make it possible to store a formula only once and use it in many
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-fields without copying and modifying it.
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-
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-Column references can be absolute like @samp{1}, @samp{2},...@samp{@var{N}},
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-or relative to the current column like @samp{+1} or @samp{-2}. @code{$>}
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-references the last column in the table, and you can use offsets like
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-@code{$>-2}, meaning the third column from the right.
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+Column specifications can be absolute like @code{$1},
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+@code{$2},...@code{$@var{N}}, or relative to the current column (i.e.@: the
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+column of the field which is being computed) like @code{$+1} or @code{$-2}.
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+@code{$<} and @code{$>} are immutable references to the first and last
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+column, respectively, and you can use @code{$>>>} to indicate the third
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+column from the right.
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The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal separator
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lines (hlines). Like with columns, you can use absolute row numbers
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-@samp{1}...@samp{@var{N}}, and row numbers relative to the current row like
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-@samp{+3} or @samp{-1}, and @code{@@>} references the last row in the
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-table@footnote{For backward compatibility you can also use special names like
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-@samp{$LR5} and @samp{$LR12} to refer in a stable way to the 5th and 12th
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-field in the last row of the table. However, this syntax is deprecated, it
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-should not be used for new documents.}. You may also specify the row
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-relative to one of the hlines: @samp{I} refers to the first
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-hline@footnote{Note that only hlines are counted that @emph{separate} table
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-lines. If the table starts with a hline above the header, it does not
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-count.}, @samp{II} to the second, etc@. @samp{-I} refers to the first such
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-line above the current line, @samp{+I} to the first such line below the
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-current line. You can also write @samp{III+2} which is the second data line
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+@code{@@1}, @code{@@2},...@code{@@@var{N}}, and row numbers relative to the
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+current row like @code{@@+3} or @code{@@-1}. @code{@@<} and @code{@@>} are
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+immutable references the first and last@footnote{For backward compatibility
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+you can also use special names like @code{$LR5} and @code{$LR12} to refer in
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+a stable way to the 5th and 12th field in the last row of the table.
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+However, this syntax is deprecated, it should not be used for new documents.
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+Use @code{@@>$} instead.} row in the table, respectively. You may also
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+specify the row relative to one of the hlines: @code{@@I} refers to the first
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+hline, @code{@@II} to the second, etc@. @code{@@-I} refers to the first such
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+line above the current line, @code{@@+I} to the first such line below the
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+current line. You can also write @code{@@III+2} which is the second data line
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after the third hline in the table.
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-@samp{0} refers to the current row and column. Also, if you omit
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-either the column or the row part of the reference, the current
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-row/column is implied.
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+@code{@@0} and @code{$0} refer to the current row and column, respectively,
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+i.e. to the row/column for the field being computed. Also, if you omit
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+either the column or the row part of the reference, the current row/column is
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+implied.
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Org's references with @emph{unsigned} numbers are fixed references
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in the sense that if you use the same reference in the formula for two
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@@ -2313,17 +2307,15 @@ Org's references with @emph{signed} numbers are floating
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references because the same reference operator can reference different
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fields depending on the field being calculated by the formula.
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-
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Here are a few examples:
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@example
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-@@2$3 @r{2nd row, 3rd column}
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-C2 @r{same as previous}
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-$5 @r{column 5 in the current row}
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-E& @r{same as previous}
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+@@2$3 @r{2nd row, 3rd column (same as @code{C2})}
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+$5 @r{column 5 in the current row (same as @code{E&})}
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@@2 @r{current column, row 2}
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@@-1$-3 @r{the field one row up, three columns to the left}
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@@-I$2 @r{field just under hline above current row, column 2}
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+@@>$5 @r{field in the last row, in column 5}
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@end example
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@subsubheading Range references
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@@ -2338,12 +2330,12 @@ format at least for the first field (i.e the reference must start with
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@samp{@@} in order to be interpreted correctly). Examples:
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@example
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-$1..$3 @r{First three fields in the current row}
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-$P..$Q @r{Range, using column names (see under Advanced)}
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-@@2$1..@@4$3 @r{6 fields between these two fields}
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-A2..C4 @r{Same as above}
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+$1..$3 @r{first three fields in the current row}
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+$P..$Q @r{range, using column names (see under Advanced)}
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+$<<<..$>> @r{start in third column, continue to the one but last}
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+@@2$1..@@4$3 @r{6 fields between these two fields (same as @code{A2..C4})}
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@@-1$-2..@@-1 @r{3 numbers from the column to the left, 2 up to current row}
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-@@I..II @r{Between first and second hline, short for @code{@@I..@@II}}
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+@@I..II @r{between first and second hline, short for @code{@@I..@@II}}
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@end example
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@noindent Range references return a vector of values that can be fed
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@@ -2505,7 +2497,7 @@ taylor($3,x=7,2) @r{Taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree}
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Calc also contains a complete set of logical operations. For example
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@example
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-if($1<20,teen,string("")) @r{``teen'' if age $1 less than 20, else empty}
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+if($1<20,teen,string("")) @r{"teen" if age $1 less than 20, else empty}
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@end example
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@node Formula syntax for Lisp, Field and range formulas, Formula syntax for Calc, The spreadsheet
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@@ -2553,16 +2545,20 @@ the formula will be stored as the formula for this field, evaluated, and the
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current field will be replaced with the result.
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@cindex #+TBLFM
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-Formulas are stored in a special line starting with @samp{#+TBLFM:}
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-directly below the table. If you type the equation in the 4th field of
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-the 3rd data line in the table, the formula will look like
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-@samp{@@3$4=$1+$2}. When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows
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-with the appropriate commands, @i{absolute references} (but not relative
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-ones) in stored formulas are modified in order to still reference the
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-same field. Of course this is not true if you edit the table structure
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-with normal editing commands---then you must fix the equations yourself.
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-Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
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-following command
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+Formulas are stored in a special line starting with @samp{#+TBLFM:} directly
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+below the table. If you type the equation in the 4th field of the 3rd data
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+line in the table, the formula will look like @samp{@@3$4=$1+$2}. When
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+inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows with the appropriate commands,
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+@i{absolute references} (but not relative ones) in stored formulas are
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+modified in order to still reference the same field. To avoid this from
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+happening, in particular in range references, anchor ranges at the table
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+borders (using @code{@@<}, @code{@@>}, @code{$<}, @code{$>}), or at hlines
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+using the @code{@@I} notation. Automatic adaptation of field references does
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+of cause not happen if you edit the table structure with normal editing
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+commands---then you must fix the equations yourself.
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+
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+Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the following
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+command
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@table @kbd
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@orgcmd{C-u C-c =,org-table-eval-formula}
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@@ -2582,7 +2578,7 @@ directly.
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Column formula, valid for the entire column. This is so common that Org
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treats these formulas in a special way, see @ref{Column formulas}.
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@item @@3=
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-Row formula, applies to all fields in the specified row. @code{@@L=} means
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+Row formula, applies to all fields in the specified row. @code{@@>=} means
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the last row.
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@item @@1$2..@@4$3=
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Range formula, applies to all fields in the given rectangular range. This
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Carsten Dominik